Problem Statement 1:
The Army requires Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support the planning, execution, and training of offensive and defensive cyberspace operations.

Why is it important?

• Army networks and network defenders encounter high volume and velocity of a constantly evolving threat. 
• Threat identification and isolation requires a complex combination of machine learning, AI, and human interface in order to reduce time to reconfigure, react to an adversary, or change techniques and/or tools to support a mission. 
• Reduce the time gap between human reaction and dynamic threat response.
• Enable autonomous active cyber operations.

Problem Statement 2:
The Army requires cyberspace Modeling and Simulation (M&S) in support of cyber mission planning, proficiency training, cyber situational understanding (SU), and exercise support.

Why is it important?

• Cyberspace M&S is required for cyberspace mission and support personnel at all levels.  For mission planning, it must be intuitive and include a level of artificial intelligence that identifies likely challenges, viable courses of action and potential impacts to mission.
• For proficiency training and exercises, M&S must be able to emulate an array of realistic mission-specific logical environments.   It must include a high fidelity of user activity and system interactions, both commercial and military, and generate realistic traffic.  This traffic should include adversary cyberspace effects, anomalous network activity and insider threat.
• M&S is necessary for Cyber SU to blend seamlessly with mission/maneuver command for the Military Decision Making Process driving Course of Action (COA) Analysis development.   This is a time dependent requirement for available staff planning and COA validation through modeling and simulation.
• There are currently ongoing M&S environments being created concurrently at different classification levels. The effects implemented in one conventional warfare scenario (on one M&S) must be synchronized with a cyber training scenario (on another platform)—this is an inherent factor to be resolved for Persistent Cyber Training Environment (PCTE), in regards to M&S.

Problem Statement 3:
The Army requires advanced analytics enabling Cyber Situational Understanding (Cyber SU) with mission context; and planning and offensive/defensive cyber operations (OCO/DCO).

Why is it important?

• Analytics of multi-source, multi-time, large scale data in unstructured and structure formats will enable operational Army commanders and staffs in planning and execution of unified land objectives (ULO) in the conduct of multi-domain battle.
• Analytics will enable integrated course of action (COA) analysis across all domains fed by local network sensors & data, national, joint, coalition and commercial data sources through secure bi-directional cross-domain layers. Such advanced analytics will create alternatives in planning scenarios assisting the military decision making process (MDMP) and simulating effects/mission impacts for base planning options, branches and sequels.

Problem Statement 4:
The Army requires cyber stealth technology enabling signature masking/reduction and obfuscation.

Why it is important?

• Force protection of Tactical Cyber Mission Forces (CMF) is required in a Peer/Near-Peer Fight in multi-domain battle and to ensure mission success.
• CMF protection capabilities will enable the CMF to screen/guard against adversary network defenders.
• CMF capabilities are enhanced with an automated identification of friend/foe that can protect CMF actions in and through cyberspace to counter the cyber threat out front of friendly network boundaries.
• Will minimize detection, improve low probability of intercept (LPI) and low probability of detection (LPD); and enabling deception and masquerade techniques. 

Problem Statement 5:
The Army needs a tactical communication network capable of transporting voice and data through integrated multiple transport paths using automatic routing and reconfiguration.

Why is it important?
The Army needs to assure communications while operating under Disconnected, Intermittent, and Limited (DIL) conditions. The Army’s operating environments are becoming increasingly congested and contested with unfriendly RF sources, and the Army needs to maintain network resiliency in these conditions.

Problem Statement 6:
The Army needs radios that are spectrum aware and are capable of adapting to different frequency bands if needed. Advanced antenna technologies capable of supporting a wide band of spectrum are desired.

Why it is important?
The Army’s existing radios are challenged by terrain and spectrum efficiency, and there is an increasing threat of electronic attack which reduce throughput and effectiveness of the radios.

Problem Statement 7:
The Army needs to provide range extension to existing radios and other communication equipment without relying on satellites exclusively. The capability must be expeditionary and must support units moving across the battlefield.

Why is it important?
Ground based radios are severely limited by terrain and atmospheric conditions. Maintaining network fidelity in such environments is a challenge. Satellite based range extension methods have high costs and do not have sufficient bandwidth to support all users. Additionally, satellites can be easily jammed. Warfighters need the capability to establish range extension at lower echelons without depending on higher HQ.

Problem Statement 8:
The Army needs radios that have reduced RF signatures that are less susceptible to electronic attacks.

Why it is important?
Army’s current radio RF signatures are easily detectable and is vulnerable to adversary’s direction finding and interception efforts. Networked radios also have a need to constantly beacon in order to maintain network awareness, and this creates a significant electronic warfare liability.

Problem Statement 9:
The Army requires electronic warfare (EW) systems capable of conducting simultaneous electronic attack (EA) and electronic warfare support (ES) from the same platform.

Why is it important?
EW systems need to be able to continue sensing and collection of electromagnetic emissions while conducting EA (jamming) missions in order to maintain direction finding to continue to geo-locate the adversary for situational awareness and further targeting.

Problem Statement 10:
The Army requires tactical EW systems capable of survival in harsh environments while transmitting and receiving.

Why it is important?
EW systems need antennas that are as small as possible and that can withstand impacts while continuing to fully function.

Problem Statement 11:
The Army requires EW systems capable of generating increased power from both batteries and high power amplifiers without adding additional weight and size. Improved antenna technology (i.e. directional and beam forming) can also help.

Why is it important?
EW systems need to be able to provide increased effects without increasing the size and weight of the systems.